A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum — similar to varicose veins in the legs — and affects up to 15% of men. It is one of the most common causes of male infertility, decreased sperm quality, scrotal discomfort, and testicular asymmetry.
Varicocelectomy is a surgical procedure that repairs the enlarged veins, restores proper blood flow, and prevents overheating of the testicle. For many men, this leads to improved fertility, reduced pain, better testicular function, and enhanced testosterone production.
Bangkok is a leading destination for varicocele treatment thanks to expert microsurgeons, modern operating facilities, and high success rates.
This guide explains varicocele symptoms, how surgery works, and what results men can expect.
What Is a Varicocele?
A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus — veins that cool the testicles. When these veins fail to function properly, blood pools, increasing temperature and reducing sperm production.
Causes:
Valve failure in scrotal veins
Compression of surrounding structures
Genetic predisposition
Often appears during adolescence
Varicoceles most commonly occur on the left side, but can affect both sides.
Symptoms of Varicocele
Men may notice:
Dull aching scrotal pain
Heavy or dragging sensation
Visible or palpable enlarged veins ("bag of worms")
Worse discomfort after standing or exercising
Decreased sperm count or quality
Reduced testosterone levels in some cases
Testicle on affected side appearing smaller
Many men discover their varicocele during fertility evaluation.
When Is Varicocelectomy Needed?
Varicocele surgery is recommended when:
Pain affects daily life
Semen analysis shows abnormalities
Couple experiences infertility
Testicle shows signs of atrophy (shrinking)
Male hormones decrease
Varicocele is large or symptomatic
Surgery is the only effective, long-term cure.
Types of Varicocelectomy
1. Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocelectomy (Gold Standard)
Performed with surgical microscope
Highest success rate
Lowest recurrence
Lowest risk of complications
Preferred for fertility improvement
2. Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy
Minimally invasive
Suitable for bilateral repair
3. Percutaneous Embolization
Veins blocked from the inside using coils
Non-surgical alternative
Depends on anatomy and radiologist availability
Microsurgery remains the gold standard worldwide.
Benefits of Varicocelectomy for Men
1. Improved Fertility
Semen parameters improve in 60–80% of men.
2. Reduced Scrotal Pain
Relief usually begins within weeks.
3. Balanced Testicular Temperature
Restores healthier environment for sperm production.
4. Increased Testosterone
Hormone levels improve in many patients.
5. Improved Appearance
Bulging veins flatten and become less visible.
6. Long-Term Success
Low recurrence rate with microsurgical technique.
The Varicocelectomy Procedure — Step by Step
1. Pre-Surgery Evaluation
Physical examination
Scrotal ultrasound
Semen analysis (if fertility is a goal)
Blood tests
2. During Surgery (45–90 minutes)
Under local + sedation, spinal, or general anesthesia.
Steps:
Small incision made near groin
Microscope used to identify enlarged veins
Abnormal veins tied off or clipped
Arteries and lymphatics preserved
Incision closed with minimal scarring
No removal of testicle or tissue.
3. Post-Surgery Care
Ice packs for 24–48 hours
Wear supportive underwear
Avoid heavy lifting for 1–2 weeks
Pain medication as needed
Recovery Timeline
Day 1–3:
Mild swelling and soreness
Week 1:
Return to office work
Bruising begins to fade
Week 2–4:
Resume light exercise
Week 6:
Sexual activity allowed
Full return to gym
3 months:
Sperm analysis shows improvement
6 months:
Maximum fertility benefit
Expected Results
Most men experience:
Reduced scrotal pain
Improved sperm count, motility, and morphology
Improved testosterone in some cases
Better sexual vitality
Smaller, less visible veins
Varicocelectomy can significantly improve chances of natural conception.
Risks & Safety Considerations
Risks are low, but may include:
Recurrence (very rare with microsurgery)
Hydrocele formation
Infection
Bruising
Mild nerve irritation
Choosing a skilled microsurgeon minimizes these risks.
Why Men Choose Bangkok for Varicocelectomy
Expert microsurgeons specializing in male fertility
Advanced surgical technology
Affordable compared to Western hospitals
Private men’s health environment
High success rates and meticulous technique
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Will varicocelectomy cure infertility?
It significantly increases natural conception chances but is not a guaranteed cure.
Is it painful?
Mild discomfort controlled with medication.
Will surgery affect erections?
No — erectile function remains unchanged.
Can recurrence happen?
Extremely rare when done microsurgically.
How long until I see sperm improvement?
3–6 months.
Key Takeaways
Varicocelectomy is the gold-standard treatment for symptomatic varicocele.
Improves fertility, reduces pain, and enhances testicular function.
Microsurgical approach offers best long-term outcomes.
Bangkok provides expert care at accessible pricing.
Menscape offers confidential, male-focused urology consultation.
📩 Experiencing varicocele symptoms or fertility issues? Book a private consultation at Menscape Bangkok today.
