How FOXO4-DRI is thought to work
Inside senescent cells, the FOXO4 protein binds to p53, a key 'cellular suicide' regulator, and keeps those cells alive. FOXO4-DRI is designed to compete for that interaction, displacing p53 so it moves out of the nucleus and triggers apoptosis, the cell's self-destruct program. The intended result is that senescent cells are cleared while healthy cells, which do not depend on this interaction, are left intact. This mechanism has been demonstrated in cells and in mice. It has not been confirmed to work the same way, safely, in humans, and p53 is a pathway that must be handled with great caution.